Method of controlling weeds

ABSTRACT

The present invention can provide a method exerting an excellent control effect in the control of glyphosate-resistant weeds. The method includes the step of applying 5 to 200 g per 10000 m 2  of trifludimoxazin to the glyphosate-resistant weed or a habitat of the glyphosate-resistant weed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of and claims the benefit of priorityto U.S. application Ser. No. 16/681,262, filed Nov. 12, 2019, whichclaims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(b) to Japanese Application No.2018-242255, filed on Dec. 26, 2018, and Japanese Application No.2019-102239, filed on May 31, 2019. The entire contents of all of theabove applications are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a method of controlling weeds.

BACKGROUND ART

Heretofore, as the method of controlling weeds, a method in whichtrifludimoxazin is applied is known (see U.S. Pat. No. 8,754,008).Glyphosate-resistant weeds are known (see Weed Science 54 (2006),620-626 and Weed Science 56 (2008), 582-587).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a method whereby itbecomes possible to exert an excellent control effect in the control ofa weed.

The present inventors have found that trifludimoxazin can exhibit anexcellent control effect particularly against glyphosate-resistantweeds, and can control glyphosate-resistant weeds and can also reducethe population of glyphosate-resistant weeds.

The present invention includes the following aspects [1] to [6].

[1] A method of controlling glyphosate-resistant weeds, including thestep of applying 5 to 200 g per 10000 m² of trifludimoxazin to theglyphosate-resistant weeds or a habitat of the glyphosate-resistantweeds.

[2] The method according to [1], wherein the glyphosate-resistant weedis a weed belonging to the genus Amaranthus.

[3] The method according to [1], wherein the glyphosate-resistant weedis Amaranthus palmeri.

[4] The method according to [1], wherein the glyphosate-resistant weedis Amaranthus palmeri in which the number of copies of EPSPS gene isincreased.

[5] The method according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the habitatof the glyphosate-resistant weed is a cultivation area for a crop.

[6] The method according to [5], wherein the crop is any one selectedfrom the group consisting of soybean, corn, cotton, rapeseed, rice,wheat, barley, sugar cane, sugar beet, sorghum and sunflower.

[7] The method according to [5], wherein the crop is a crop impartedwith tolerance to trifludimoxazin.

According to the method of controlling weeds of the present invention,it becomes possible to achieve a high herbicidal effect.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The method of controlling glyphosate-resistant weeds (also referred toas “present method”, hereinafter) includes the step of applyingtrifludimoxazin (also referred to as a “present compound”, hereinafter).

In the present method, the wording “a plant is resistant to glyphosate”refers to a state that the killing or the irreparable inhibition of thegrowth of the plant cannot be achieved by glyphosate or a salt thereofat an amount that is four times a lowest amount required for the killingor the irreparable inhibition of the growth of a wild-type weed of thesame species. A weed of this type is referred to as a“glyphosate-resistant weed”.

Examples of the habitat of glyphosate-resistant weeds in the presentmethod includes an area where a glyphosate-resistant weed is growing andan area where a glyphosate-resistant weed will grow.

The present method can be applied to a non-agricultural land or anagricultural land. Examples of the agricultural land include cultivationareas for the following plants.

Crops: corn, rice, wheat, barley, rye, oat, sorghum, cotton, soybean,peanut, buckwheat, sugar beet, rapeseed, sunflower, sugar cane, tobacco,triticale, kidney bean, lima bean, black-eyed pea, mung bean, urd bean,scarlet runner bean, ricebean, moth bean, tepary bean, broad bean, pea,chickpea, lentil, lupin, pigeon pea, alfalfa, etc.;

vegetables: Solanaceae vegetables (eggplant, tomato, green pepper, hotpepper, potato, bell pepper, etc.), Cucurbitaceae vegetables (cucumber,pumpkin, zucchini, watermelon, melon, squash, etc.), Cruciferaevegetables (Japanese radish, turnip, turnip, horseradish, kohlrabi,Chinese cabbage, cabbage, brown mustard, broccoli, cauliflower, etc.),Compositae vegetables (burdock, garland chrysanthemum, artichoke,lettuce, etc.), Liliaceae vegetables (Welsh onion, onion, garlic,asparagus, etc.), Umbelliferae vegetables (carrot, parsley, celery,parsnip, etc.), Chenopodiaceae vegetables (spinach, Swiss chard, etc.),Labiatae vegetables (Japanese mint, mint, basil, lavender, etc.),strawberry, sweat potato, yam, taro, flowers and ornamental plants,foliage plants, etc.;

fruit trees: pome fruits (apple, common pear, Japanese pear, Chinesequince, quince, etc.), stone fruits (peach, plum, nectarine, Japaneseplum, cherry, apricot, prune, etc.), citrus plants (Satsuma mandarin,orange, lemon, lime, grapefruits, etc.), nuts (chestnut, walnut, hazelnut, almond, pistachio, cashew nut, macadamia nut, etc.), berry fruits(blueberry, cranberry, blackberry, raspberry, etc.), grape, persimmon,olive, loquat, banana, coffee, date, coconut, etc.;

trees other than fruit trees: tea, mulberry, flowering trees, streettrees (ash tree, birch, dogwood, eucalyptus, ginkgo, lilac, maple tree,oak, poplar, cercis, Chinese sweet gum, plane tree, zelkova, Japanesearborvitae, fir tree, Japanese hemlock, needle juniper, pine, spruce,yew), etc.; and

lawngrasses, and pasture.

It is preferred that the present method can be applied to a cultivationarea for a crop. It is preferred that crop is any one selected from thegroup consisting of soybean, corn, cotton, rapeseed, rice, wheat,barley, sugar cane, sugar beet, sorghum and sunflower.

The above-mentioned “plant” may be a plant which can be produced bynatural hybridization, a plant which can occur as the result of amutation, a F1 hybrid plant, or a transgenic plant (also referred to asa genetically-modified plant”). These plants have properties such as aproperty that the tolerance to a herbicide is imparted, a property thata toxic substance against pests is accumulated, a property that thesensitivity to a plant disease is suppressed, a property that yieldpotential is increased, a property that the tolerance to a biological ornon-biological stress factor is improved, a property that a substance isaccumulated, and a property that a storage property or processability isimproved.

The term “F1 hybrid plant” refers to a plant of a first filialgeneration which is produced by hybridizing two different varieties witheach other, and is generally a plant which has a more superior trait tothat of either one of parents thereof. i.e., has a hybrid vigorproperty. The term “transgenic plant” refers to a plant which isproduced by introducing a foreign gene from another organism such as amicroorganism into a plant and which has a property that cannot beacquired easily by hybridization breeding, induction of a mutation or anaturally occurring recombination under a natural environment.

Examples of the technique for producing the above-mentioned plantsinclude a conventional breeding technique, a transgenic technique, agenome-based breeding technique, a new breeding technique, and a genomeediting technique. The conventional breeding technique is a techniquefor producing a plant having a desirable property by mutation orhybridization. The transgenic technique is a technique for imparting anew property to a specific organism (e.g., a microorganism) by isolatinga gene (DNA) of interest from the organism and then introducing the gene(DNA) into the genome of another target organism, or an antisensetechnique or an RNA interference technique which is a technique forimparting a new or improved property to a plant by silencing anothergene occurring in the plant. The genome-based breeding technique is atechnique for increasing the efficiency of breeding using genomicinformation, and includes a DNA marker (also referred to as “genomemarker” or “gene marker”) breeding technique and genomic selection. Forexample, the DNA marker breeding is a method in which an offspringhaving a desired useful trait gene is selected from many hybridoffsprings using a DNA marker that is a DNA sequence capable of servingas an indicator of the position of a specific useful trait gene on agenome. The analysis of a hybrid offspring of a plant at a seedlingstage thereof using the DNA marker has such a characteristic that itbecomes possible to shorten the time required for breeding effectively.

The genomic selection is such a technique that a prediction equation isproduced from a genotype and genomic information both obtained inadvance and then a property is predicted from the prediction equationand the genomic information without carrying out the evaluation of thegenotype. The genomic selection can contribute to the increase inefficiency of breeding. A “new breeding technique” is a collective termfor combinations of breeding techniques including molecular biologicaltechniques. Examples of the new breeding technique include techniquessuch as cisgenesis/intragenesis, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis,RNA-dependent DNA methylation, genome editing, grafting to a GMrootstock or scion, reverse breeding, agroinfiltration, and seedproduction technology (SPT). A genome editing technique is a techniquefor converting genetic information in a sequence-specific manner, andcan perform the deletion of a nucleotide sequence, the substitution ofan amino acid sequence, the introduction of a foreign gene, and thelike. Examples of the tool for the technique include zinc-fingernuclease (ZFN), TALEN, CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPER/Cpfl and meganuclease whichcan cleave DNA in a sequence-specific manner, and also include asequence-specific genome modification technique using CAS9 nickase,Target-AID or the like which is produced by any one of the modificationof the above-mentioned tools.

Examples of the above-mentioned plants include plants listed ingenetically modified crops registration database (GM APPROVAL DATABASE)in an electric information site in INTERNATIONAL SERVICE for theACQUISITION of AGRI-BIOTECH APPLICATIONS, ISAAA)(http://www.isaaa.org/). More specific examples of the plans include aherbicide-tolerant plant, a pest-resistant plant, a plantdisease-resistant plant, a plant of which the quality (e.g., theincrease or decrease in content, the change in composition) of a product(e.g., starch, an amino acid, a fatty acid) is modified, a fertilitytrait modified plant, a non-biological stress-tolerant plant and a plantof which a trait associated with growth or yield is modified.

Examples of the plant imparted with tolerance to herbicides arementioned below.

The mechanism of the tolerance to a herbicide can be acquired by, forexample, reduction of the affinity of the chemical substance for atarget, rapid metabolism (e.g., decomposition, modification) of thechemical substance as the result of the expression of an enzyme capableof inactivating the chemical substance, or inhibition of the intake ofthe chemical substance into the body of the plant or the migration ofthe chemical substance in the body of the plant.

The plant imparted with tolerance to a herbicide by a transgenictechnique includes plants each imparted with the tolerance to: a4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (abbreviated as “HPPD”, hereinafter)inhibitor such as isoxaflutole and mesotrione; an acetolactate synthase(abbreviated as “ALS”, hereinafter) inhibitor such as animidazolinone-type herbicide containing imazethapyr and asulfonylurea-type herbicide containing thifensulfuron-methyl; a5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (abbreviated as “EPSPS”,hereinafter) inhibitor such as glyphosate; a glutamine synthetaseinhibitor such as glufosinate; an auxin-type herbicide such as 2,4-D; anoxynil-type herbicide containing bromoxynil; and a protoporphyrinogenoxidase (abbreviated as “PPO”, hereinafter) inhibitor such asflumioxazin by a transgenic technique. Preferred examples of theherbicide-tolerant transgenic plant include: a cereal such as wheat,barley, rye and oat; canola, sorghum, soybean, rice, rapeseed, sugarbeet, sugar cane, grape, lentil, sunflower, alfalfa, a pome fruit, astone fruit, coffee, tea, strawberry, wheet grass, and a vegetable suchas tomato, potato, cucumber and lettuce; more preferably a cereal suchas wheat, barley, rye and oat, soybean, rice, vine, tomato, potato, anda pome fruit.

Hereinbelow, specific examples of the herbicide-tolerant plant will bementioned.

Plants tolerant to glyphosate herbicides: produced by introducing atleast one of a glyphosate-tolerant EPSPS gene originated fromAgrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4 (CP4 epsps), a glyphosate metabolicenzyme gene of which the metabolic activity of glyphosate metabolicenzyme (glyphosate N-acetyltransferase) gene originated from Bacilluslicheniformis is enhanced by a shuffling technique (gat4601, gat4621), aglyphosate metametabolic enzyme (glyphosate oxidase) gene originatedfrom Ochrobacterum anthropi strain LBAA (goxv247) or an EPSP geneoriginated from corn and having a glyphosate tolerance mutation(mepsps,2mepsps). Examples of the major plant include alfalfa (Medicagosativa), Argentina canola (Brassica napus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), corn (Zea mays L.),polish canola (Brassica rapa), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), soybean(Glycine max L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) and wheat (Triticumaestivum). Some of the glyphosate-tolerant transgenic plants arecommercially available. For example, a genetically-modified plantcapable of expressing glyphosate-resistance-type EPSPS originated froman bacterium belonging to the genus Agrobacterium is commerciallyavailable by trade names including the trade name of “Roundup Ready(registered trade name)”; a genetically-modified plant capable ofexpressing a glyphosate metabolic enzyme originated from a bacteriumbelonging to the genus Bacillus and enhanced in a metabolic activity bya shuffling technique is commercially is commercially available by thetrade names of “Optimum (registered trade name) GAT (trade name)”,“Optimum (registered trade name) Gly canola” and the like; and agenetically-modified plant capable of expressing EPSPS having aglyphosate resistance mutation and originated from corn is commerciallyavailable by the trade name of “GlyTol (trade name)”.

Plants tolerant to glufosinate herbicides: produced by introducing atleast one of a gene (bar) for phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT)that is a glufosinate metabolic enzyme originated from Streptomyceshygroscopicus, a gene (pat) for phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase(PAT) that is a glufosinate metabolic enzyme originated fromStreptomyces viridochromogenes and a synthetic pat gene (pat syn)originated from Streptomyes viridochromogenes strain Tu494. Examples ofthe major plant include Argentina canola (Brassica napus), chicory(Cichorium intybus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn (Zea mays L.),polish canola (Brassica rapa), rice (Oryza sativa L.), soybean (Glycinemax L.) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Some of the glufosinate-tolerantgenetically-modified plants are commercially available. The glufosinatemetabolic enzyme (bar) originated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus andthe genetically-modified plant originated from (Streptomycesesviridochromogenes) are commercially available by the trade namesincluding “LibertyLink (trade name)”, “InVigor (trade name)” and“WideStrike (trade name)”. Plants tolerant to oxynil-type herbicides(e.g., bromoxynil): a transgenic plant tolerant to an oxynil-typeherbicide (e.g., bromoxynil), into which a gene (bxn) for nitrilase thatis an oxynil-type herbicide (e.g., bromoxynil) metabolic enzymeoriginated from Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. Ozaenae can be mentioned.Examples of the major plant include Argentine Canola (Brassica napus),cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Theseplants are commercially available by trade names including “Navigator(trade name) canola” and “BXN (trade name)”. Plants tolerant to ALSherbicides: commercially available by the following trade names:carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) “Moondust (trade name)”, “Moonshadow(trade name)”, “Moonshade (trade name)”, “Moonlite (trade name)”,“Moonaqua (trade name)”, Moonvista (trade name)”, “Moonique (tradename)”, “Moonpearl (trade name)”, “Moonberry (trade name)” and“Moonvelvet (trade name)” each having, introduced therein, an ALSherbicide-tolerant ALS gene (surB) originated from tobacco (Nicotianatabacum) as a selection marker; lineseed (Linum usitatissumum L.) “CDCTriffid Flax” having, introduced therein, an ALS herbicide-tolerant ALSgene (als) originated from mouse-ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) as aselection marker; corn (Zea mays L.) “Optimum (trade name) GAT (tradename)” having tolerance to a sulfonylurea-type herbicide and animidazolinone-type herbicide and having, introduced therein, an ALSherbicide-tolerant ALS gene (zm-hra) originated from corn as a selectionmarker; soybean “Cultivance” having tolerance to an imidazolinone-typeherbicide and having, introduced therein, an ALS herbicide-tolerant ALSgene (csrl-2) originated from mouse-ear cress as a selection marker; andsoybean “Treus (trade name)”. “Plenish (trade name)” and “Optimum GAT(trade name)” having tolerance to a sulfonylurea-type herbicide andhaving, introduced therein, an ALS herbicide-tolerant ALS gene (gm-hra)originated from soybean (Glycine max) as a selection marker. Cottonhaving, introduced therein, an ALS herbicide-tolerant ALS gene(S4-HrA)orininated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) can alsobe mentioned. Plants tolerant to HPPD herbicides: soybean having,simultaneously introduced therein, both of a mesotrione-tolerant HPPDgene (avhppd-03) originated from oat (Avena sativa) and aphosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase gene (pat) originated fromStreptomyces viridochromogenes and having tolerance to mesotrione thatis a glufosinate metabolic enzyme is commercially available by the tradename of “Herbicide-tolerant Soybean line”.

Plants tolerant to 2,4-D: corn having, introduced therein, a gene(aad-1) for aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase that is a 2,4-D metabolicenzyme and is originated from Sphingobium herbicidovorans iscommercially available by the trade name of “Enlist (trade name) Maize”.Soybean and cotton having, introduced therein, a gene (aad-12) foraryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase that is a 2,4-D metabolic enzyme and isoriginated from Delftia acidovorans is commercially available by thetrade name of “Enlist (trade name) Soybean”.

Plants tolerant to dicamba: soybean and cotton each having, introducedtherein, a gene (dmo) for dicamba monooxygenase that is a dicambametabolic enzyme and is originated from Stenotrophomonas maltophiliastrain DI-6 can be mentioned. Soybean (Glycine max L.) into which aglyphosate-tolerant EPSPS gene (CP4 epsps) originated from Agrobacteriumtumefaciens strain CP4 is also introduced simultaneously with theabove-mentioned gene is commercially available by the trade name of“tenuity (registered trade name) Roundup Ready (trade name) 2 Xtend(trade name)”.

Plants tolerant to PPO inhibitors: a plant imparted withprotoporphyrinogen oxidase having reduced affinity for a PPO inhibitorby a transgenic technique, and a plant also imparted with cytochromeP450 monooxigenase capable of detoxyfying or decomposing a PPO inhibitorcan be mentioned. A plant imparted with both of the above-mentionedprotoporphyrinogen oxidase and the above-mentioned cytochrome P450monooxigenase can also be mentioned. These plants are disclosed in knowndocuments including patent documents such as WO 2011085221,WO2012080975, WO 2014030090, WO 2015022640, WO 2015022636, WO2015022639, WO 2015092706, WO 2016203377, WO 2017198859, WO 2018019860,WO 2018022777, WO 2017112589, WO 2017087672, WO 2017039969 and WO2017023778 and a non-patent document (Pest Management Science, 61, 2005,277-285).

Examples of the transgenic plant that is imparted with tolerance to aherbicide and is commercially available include: corn having tolerant toglyphosate, “Roundup Ready Corn”, “Roundup Ready 2”, “Agrisure GT”,“Agrisure GT/CB/LL”, “Agrisure GT/RW”, “Agrisure 3000GT”, “YieldGard VTRootworm/RR2” and “YieldGard VT Triple”: soybean having tolerance toglyphosate, “Roundup Ready Soybean” and “Optimum GAT”; cotton havingtolerance to glyphosate, “Roundup Ready Cotton” and “Roundup ReadyFlex”; canola having tolerance to glyphosate, “Roundup Ready Canola”;alfalfa having tolerance to glyphosate, “Roundup Ready Alfalfa”; ricehaving tolerance to glyphosate, “Roundup Ready Rice”; corn havingtolerance to glufosinate, “Roundup Ready 2”, “Liberty Link”, “Herculex1”, “Herculex RW”, “Herculex Xtra”, “Agrisure GT/CB/LL”, “AgrisureCB/LL/RW” and “Bt10”; cotton having tolerance to glufosinate, “FiberMaxLiberty Link”; rice having tolerance to glufosinate, “Liberty LinkRice”; canola having tolerance to glufosinate, “in Vigor”; rice havingtolerance to glufosinate, “Liberty Link Rice” (a produce by Bayer);cotton having tolerance to bromoxynil, “BXN”; and canola havingtolerance to bromoxynil, “Navigator” and “Compass”. Other plants whichare modified with respect to the tolerance to herbicides are also widelyknown, such as: alfalfa, apple, barley, eucalyptus, lineseed, grape,lentil, rapeseed, pea, potato, rice, sugar beet, sunflower, tobacco,tomato, wheet grass and wheat each having tolerance to glyphosate (see,for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,188,642, 4,940,835, 5,633,435, 5,804,425and 5,627,061); bean, cotton, soybean, pea, potato, sunflower, tomato,tobacco, corn, sorghum and sugar cane each having tolerance to dicamba(see, for example, WO 2008051633, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,105,724 and5,670,454); soybean, sugar beet, potato, tomato and tobacco each havingtolerance to glufosinate (see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,376,754,5,646,024 and 5,561,236); cotton, peppers, apple, tomato, sunflower,tobacco, potato, corn, cucumber, wheat, soybean, sorghum and milletseach having tolerance to 2,4-D (see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos.6,153,401, 6,100,446, WO 2005107437, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,608,147 and5,670,454); canola, corn, barnyard millet, barley, cotton, brownmustard, lettuce, lentil, melon, foxtail millet, oat, rapeseed, potato,rice, rye, sorghum, soybean, sugar beet, sunflower, tobacco, tomato andwheat each having tolerance to an ALS inhibitor (e.g., asulfonylurea-type herbicide and an imidazolinone-type herbicide) (see,for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,013,659, WO 2006060634, U.S. Pat. Nos.4,761,373, 5,304,732, 6,211,438, 6,211,439 and 6,222,100) (particularly,rice having tolerance to an imidazolinone-type herbicide is known, andrice or the like having a specific mutation (e.g., S653N, S654K, A122T,5653(At)N, 5654(At)K, A122(At)T) in ALS is known (see, for example, US2003/0217381, WO 200520673)); and barley, sugar cane, rice, corn,tobacco, soybean, cotton, rapeseed, sugar beet, wheat and potato eachhaving tolerance to an HPPD-inhibiting herbicide (e.g., anisoxazole-type herbicide such as isoxaflutole, a triketone-typeherbicide such as sulcotrione and mesotrione, a pyrazole-type herbicidesuch as pyrazolynate, and diketonitrile that is a decomposition productof isoxaflutole (see, for example, WO 2004/055191, WO 199638567, WO1997049816 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,791,014).

Examples of a plant that is imparted with tolerance to a herbicide by atraditional or genome-based breeding technique include: rice “ClearfieldRice”, wheat “Clearfield Wheat”, sunflower “Clearfield Sunflower”,lentil “Clearfield lentils” and canola “Clearfield canola” (a product bymanufactured by BASF) each having tolerance to an imidazolinone-typeALS-inhibition-type herbicide such as imazethapyr and imazamox; soybean“STS soybean” having tolerance to a sulfonyl-type ALS-inhibition-typeherbicide such as thifensulfuron-methyl; sethoxydim-tolerant corn “SRcorn” and “Poast Protected (registered trade name) corn” each havingtolerance to an acetyl CoA carboxylase (abbreviated as “ACCase”,hereinafter) inhibitor such as a trione oxime-type herbicide and anaryloxyphenoxypropionate-type herbicide; sunflower “ExpressSun(registered trade name)” having tolerance to a sulfonylurea-typeherbicide such as tribenuron; rice “Rrovisia (trade name)” havingtolerance to an acethyl CoA carboxylate inhibitor such as quizalofop;and canola “Triazinon Tolerant Canola” having tolerance to a photosystemII inhibitor.

An example of a plant that is imparted with tolerance to a herbicide bya genome editing technique is canola “SU Canola (registered trade name)”having tolerance to a sulfonylurea-type herbicide and produced by RapidTrait Development System (RTDS (registered trade name)). RTDS(registered trade name) corresponds to an oligonucleotide-directedmutagenesis employed in a genome editing technique, and is a techniquewhereby it becomes possible to introduce a mutation into a plant throughGene Repair Oligonucleotide (GRON), i.e., a DNA-RNA chimericoligonucleotide, without needing to cleave DNA in the plant. Examples ofthe plant also include: corn which is reduced in herbicide tolerance anda phytic acid content as the result of the deletion of endogenous geneIPK1 using a zinc finger nuclease (see, for example, Nature 459, 437-4412009); and rice which is imparted with herbicide tolerance usingCRISPR/Cas9 (see, for example, Rice, 7, 5 2014).

With respect to a plant imparted with tolerance to a herbicide by a newbreeding technique, a case where tolerance to glyphosate is imparted toa non-transgenic soybean scion using Roundup Ready (registered tradename) soybean having tolerance to glyphosate as a rootstock (see WeedTechnology 27:412-416 2013) can be mentioned as an example of thebreeding technique employing grafting in which a trait of a GM rootstockis imparted to a scion.

Examples of the non-agricultural land to which the present method can beapplied include a railroad, a plant premise, a land under a pipeline, awayside, a park and a bank. The agricultural land is not particularlylimited, as long as a plant such as a crop can be cultivated. Examplesof the agricultural land include a upland field, a paddy field, anursery tray, a nursery box and a nursery land.

In the present method, the present compound is generally used in theform of a formulation prepared by mixing with a carrier (e.g., a solidcarrier and a liquid carrier) and then optionally adding an auxiliaryagent for formulation (e.g., a surfactant). Preferred examples of theformulation type include a soluble liquid, soluble granules, an aqueoussuspension concentrate, an oil-based liquid suspension concentrate, awettable powder, water dispersible granules, granules, a water-basedemulsion, an oil-based emulsion and an emulsifiable concentrate. Morepreferably, the formulation type is an aqueous suspension concentrate. Aformulation containing the present compound as a sole active ingredientmay be used singly, or the formulation may be used in the form of amixture with a formulation containing another herbicide as an activeingredient. Alternatively, a formulation containing the present compoundand another herbicide as active ingredient may be used. Alternatively, aformulation containing the present compound and another herbicide asactive ingredients may be mixed with a formulation containing, as anactive ingredient, a herbicide other than the herbicide contained in theabove-mentioned formulation. The total content of the active ingredients(i.e., the total amount of the present compound and a herbicide otherthan the present compound) in the formulation is generally 0.01 to 90%by weight, preferably 1 to 80% by weight.

Examples of the method of applying the present compound include a methodin which the present compound is applied to the soil of anon-agricultural land or an agricultural land (a soil treatment) and amethod in which the present compound is sprayed onto growing weeds (afoliar treatment). The spraying is generally carried out by mixing aformulation containing the present compound with water to prepare aspray dilution and then spraying the spray dilution using a spreaderequipped with a nozzle. The amount of the dilution to be sprayed is notparticularly limited, and is generally 50 to 1000 L/ha, preferably 100to 500 L/ha, more preferably 140 to 300 L/ha.

The application rate of the present compound is 5 to 200 g per 10000 m²,preferably 10 to 150 g per 10000 m², more preferably 20 to 120 g per10000 m², still more preferably 40 to 100 g per 10000 m². In theapplication of the present compound, it is possible to mix an adjuvantwith the present compound. The type of the adjuvant is not particularlylimited. Examples of the adjuvant include: an oil-type adjuvant such asAgri-Dex and MSO; a nonionic adjuvant (an ester or ether ofpolyoxyethylene) such as Induce; an anionic adjuvant (a substitutedsulfonate salt) such as Gramine S; a cationic adjuvant(polyoxyethyleneamine) such as Genamin T 200BM; and an organicsilicon-based adjuvant such as Silwett L77. In addition, adrift-reducing agent such as Intact (polyethylene glycol) may be mixed.

The pH value and the hardness of the above-mentioned spray dilution arenot particularly limited, and the pH value is generally within the rangefrom 5 to 9, and the hardness is generally within the range from 0 to500.

The time of day at which the present compound is to be applied is notparticularly limited, and is generally within the range from 5 a.m. to 9p.m. and the photon flux degree is generally 10 to 2500micromoles/m²/sec.

The spraying pressure to be employed for the application of the presentcompound is not particularly limited, and is generally 30 to 120 PSI,preferably 40 to 80 PSI.

In the present method, the type of the nozzle to be used in theapplication of the present compound may be a flat fan nozzle or adrift-reducing nozzle. Examples of the flat fan nozzle include productsof Teejet 110 series and XR Teejet 110 series manufactured by Teejet.The volume median diameter of liquid droplets ejected through each ofthe nozzles is generally smaller than 430 microns at an ordinaryspraying pressure, generally 30 to 120 PSI. A drift-reducing nozzle is anozzle reduced in drift compared with a flat fan nozzle and is called as“an air induction nozzle” or “a pre-orifice nozzle”. The volume mediandiameter of liquid droplets ejected through the drift-reducing nozzle isgenerally 430 microns or larger.

An air induction nozzle has an air guide part between an inlet (a sprayliquid introduction part) of the nozzle and an outlet (a spray liquidejection part) of the nozzle so that liquid droplets filled with air canbe formed upon the mixing the spray liquid with air. Examples of the airinduction nozzle include: TDXL11003-D, TDXL11004-D1, TDXL11005-D1 andTDXL11006-D manufactured by Green Leaf Technology; TTI110025, TTI11003,TTI11004, TTI11005, TTI110061 and TTI110081 manufactured by Teejet; andULD120-041, ULD120-051 and ULD120-061 manufactured by Pentair. Aparticularly desirable one is TTI11004.

A pre-orifice nozzle is a nozzle in which an inlet (a spray liquidintroduction part) of the nozzle serves as a metering orifice, so thatlarge liquid droplets can be formed by controlling the flow amount to beflown into the nozzle so as to decrease the pressure in the nozzle. Whenthe pre-orifice nozzle is used, the pressure during the ejection of thespray liquid can be reduced by half compared with the pressure beforethe introduction of the spray liquid. Examples of the pre-orifice nozzleinclude: DR110-10, UR110-05, UR110-06, UR110-08 and UR110-10manufactured by Wilger; and 1/4TTJ08 Turf Jet and 1/4TTJ04 Turfmanufactured by Teejet.

In the case where the present method is applied in a cultivation area ofa plant such as a crop, seeds of the plant are scattered over thecultivation area by a conventional method. In the present method, thepresent compound may be applied onto a cultivation area before seeding,or the present compound may be applied simultaneously with the seedingand/or after the seeding. Namely, the frequency of the application ofthe present compound is any one of once to three times. In the casewhere the frequency is once, the present compound is applied once beforethe seeding, or once simultaneously with the seeding, or once after theseeding. In the case where the frequency is twice, the present compoundis applied twice not before the seeding, or twice not simultaneouslywith the seeding, or twice not after the seeding. In the case where thefrequency is three times, the present compound is applied once beforethe seeding, once simultaneously with the seeding and once after theseeding.

In the case where the present compound is applied before the seeding,the present compound is applied generally 50 days before the seeding toimmediately before the seeding, preferably 30 days before the seeding toimmediately before the seeding, more preferably 20 days before theseeding to immediately before the seeding, still more preferably 10 daysbefore the seeding to immediately before the seeding.

In the case where the present compound is applied after the seeding, thepresent compound is generally applied immediately after the seeding tobefore flowering. A more preferred timing of the application is a timingbetween immediately after the seeding to before budding of a plant andtrue leaf stage 1 to 6 of the plant.

The case where the present compound is applied simultaneously with theseeding is a case where a seeding machine is integrated with a sprayer.

In the case where the present method is applied in a cultivation area ofa plant such as a crop, seeds of the plant may be treated with at leastone compound selected from the group consisting of a specificinsecticide compound, a specific nematicide compound, a specificfungicide compound and a specific plant growth regulator during thecultivation of the plant.

Examples of the compound include a neonicotinoid-type compound, adiamide-type compound, a carbamate-type compound, an organicphosphorus-type compound, a biological nematicide compound or otherinsecticide or nematicide compound, an azole-type compound, astrobilurin-type compound, a metalaxyl-type compound, an SDHI compound,other fungicide compound, and a plant growth regulator compound.

Examples of the weeds which can be controlled by the present methodinclude the following weeds, but are not limited thereto.

Urticaceae weeds: small nettle (Urtica urens)

Polygonaceae weeds: black bindweed (Polygonum convolvulus), palepersicaria (Polygonum lapathifolium), Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonumpensylvanicum), redshank (Polygonum persicaria), bristly lady's-thumb(Polygonum longisetum), knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare), equal-leavedknotgrass (Polygonum arenastrum), Japanese knotweed (Polygonumcuspidatum), Japanese dock (Rumex japonicus), curly dock (Rumexcrispus), blunt-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius), common sorrel (Rumexacetosa)

Portulacaceae weeds: common purslane (Portulaca oleracea)

Caryophyllaceae weeds: common chickweed (Stellaria media), waterchickweed (Stellaria aquatica), common mouse-ear (Cerastiumholosteoides), sticky mouse-ear (Cerastium glomeratum), corn spurrey(Spergula arvensis), five-wound catchfly (Silene gallica)

Molluginaceae weeds: carpetweed (Mollugo verticillata)

Chenopodiaceae weeds: common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), Indiangoosefoot (Chenopodium ambrosioides), kochia (Kochia scoparia), spinysaltwort (Salsola kali), Orach (Atriplex spp.)

Amaranthaceae weeds: redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), slenderamaranth (Amaranthus viridis), livid amaranth (Amaranthus lividus),spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus), smooth pigweed (Amaranthushybridus), Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), green pigweed(Amaranthus patulus), waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus=Amaranthusrudis=Amaranthus tamariscinus), prostrate pigweed (Amaranthusblitoides), large-fruit amaranth (Amaranthus deflexus), mucronateamaranth (Amaranthus quitensis), alligator weed (Alternantheraphiloxeroides), sessile alligator weed (Alternanthera sessilis),perrotleaf (Alternanthera tenella)

Papaveraceae weeds: common poppy (Papaver rhoeas), field poppy (Papaverdubium), Mexican prickle poppy (Argemone mexicana)

Brassicaceae weeds: wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), radish(Raphanus sativus), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis), shepherd's purse(Capsella bursa-pastoris), white mustard (Brassica juncea), oilseed rape(Brassica napus), pinnate tansy mustard (Descurainia pinnata), marshyellowcress (Rorippa islandica), yellow fieldcress (Rorippa sylvestris),field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense), turnip weed (Myagrum rugosum),Virginia pepperweed (Lepidium virginicum), slender wartcress (Coronopusdidymus)

Capparaceae weeds: African cabbage (Cleome affinis)

Fabaceae weeds: Indian joint vetch (Aeschynomene indica), zigzag jointvetch (Aeschynomene rudis), hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia), coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis), Floridabeggar weed (Desmodium tortuosum), wild groundnut (Desmodiumadscendens), Illinois tick trefoil (Desmodium illinoense), white clover(Trifolium repens), kudzu (Pueraria lobata), narrowleaf vetch (Viciaangustifolia), hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta), Indigoferatruxillensis, common cowpea (Vigna sinensis)

Oxalidaceae weeds: creeping wood sorrel (Oxalis corniculata), Europeanwood sorrel (Oxalis stricta), purple shamrock (Oxalis oxyptera)

Geraniaceae weeds: Carolina geranium (Geranium carolinense), commonstorksbill (Erodium cicutarium)

Euphorbiaceae weeds: sun spurge (Euphorbia helioscopia), annual spurge(Euphorbia maculata), prostrate spurge (Euphorbia humistrata), Hungarianspurge (Euphorbia esula), wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla),hyssop-leaf sandmat (Euphorbia brasiliensis), Asian copperleaf (Acalyphaaustralis), tropic croton (Croton glandulosus), lobed croton (Crotonlobatus), long-stalked phyllanthus (Phyllanthus corcovadensis), castorbean (Ricinus communis)

Malvaceae weeds: velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), arrow-leaf sida(Sida rhombifolia), heart-leaf sida (Sida cordifolia), prickly sida(Sida spinosa), Sida glaziovii, Sida santaremnensis, bladder weed(Hibiscus trionum), spurred anoda (Anoda cristata), spine-seededfalse-mallow (Malvastrum coromandelianum)

Onagraceae weeds: Ludwigia epilobioides, long-fruited primrose willow(Ludwigia octovalvis), winged water primrose (Ludwigia decurrens),common evening-primrose (Oenothera biennis), cutleaf evening-primrose(Oenothera laciniata)

Sterculiaceae weeds: Florida waltheria (Waltheria indica)

Violaceae weeds: field violet; Viola arvensis, wild violet; Violatricolor

Cucurbitaceae weeds: bur cucumber (Sicyos angulatus), wild cucumber(Echinocystis lobata), bitter balsam apple (Momordica charantia)

Lythraceae weeds: Ammannia multiflora, eared redstem (Ammanniaauriculata), scarlet toothcup (Ammannia coccinea), purple loosestrife(Lythrum salicaria), Indian toothcup (Rotala indica)

Elatinaceae weeds: three-stamen waterwort (Elatine triandra), Californiawaterwort (Elatine californica)

Apiaceae weeds: Chinese celery (Oenanthe javanica), wild carrot (Daucuscarota), carrot fern (Conium maculatum)

Araliaceae weeds: lawn pennywort (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides), floatingpennywort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides)

Ceratophyllaceae weeds: common hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum)

Cabombaceae weeds: Carolina fanwort (Cabomba caroliniana)

Haloragaceae weeds: Brazilian water milfoil (Myriophyllum aquaticum),whorled water milfoil (Myriophyllum verticillatum), water milfoils(Myriophyllum spicatum, Myriophyllum heterophyllum, etc.)

Sapindaceae weeds: heartseed (Cardiospermum halicacabum)

Primulaceae weeds: scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis)

Asclepiadaceae weeds: common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca), honeyvinemilkweed (Ampelamus albidus)

Rubiaceae weeds: catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine), Galium spuriumvar. echinospermon, broadleaf buttonweed (Spermacoce latifolia), Brazilcalla lily (Richardia brasiliensis), broadleaf buttonweed (Borreriaalata)

Convolvulaceae weeds: Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil), ivy-leafmorning glory (Ipomoea hederacea), tall morning glory (Ipomoeapurpurea), entire-leaf morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea var.integriuscula), pitted morning glory (Ipomoea lacunosa), three-lobemorning glory (Ipomoea triloba), blue morning glory (Ipomoea acuminate),scarlet morning glory (Ipomoea hederifolia), red morning glory (Ipomoeacoccinea), cypress-vine morning glory (Ipomoea quamoclit), Ipomoeagrandifolia, Ipomoea aristolochiaefolia, Cairo morning glory (Ipomoeacairica), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), Japanese false bindweed(Calystegia hederacea), Japanese bindweed (Calystegia japonica), ivywoodrose (Merremia hederacea), hairy woodrose (Merremia aegyptia),roadside woodrose (Merremia cissoides), small-flower morning glory(Jacquemontia tamnifolia)

Boraginaceae weeds: field forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis)

Lamiaceae weeds: purple deadnettle (Lamium purpureum), common henbit(Lamium amplexicaule), lion's ear (Leonotis nepetaefolia), wildspikenard (Hyptis suaveolens), Hyptis lophanta, Siberian motherwort(Leonurus sibiricus), field-nettle betony (Stachys arvensis)

Solanaceae weeds: jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), black nightshade(Solanum nigrum), American black nightshade (Solanum americanum),eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum), hairy nightshade (Solanumsarrachoides), buffalo bur (Solanum rostratum), soda-apple nightshade(Solanum aculeatissimum), sticky nightshade (Solanum sisymbriifolium),horse nettle (Solanum carolinense), cutleaf groundcherry (Physalisangulata), smooth groundcherry (Physalis subglabrata), apple of Peru(Nicandra physalodes)

Scrophulariaceae weeds: ivyleaf speedwell (Veronica hederaefolia),common speedwell (Veronica persica), corn speedwell (Veronica arvensis),common false pimpernel (Lindernia procumbens), false pimpernel(Lindernia dubia), Lindernia angustifolia, roundleaf water hyssop(Bacopa rotundifolia), dopatrium (Dopatrium junceum), Gratiola japonica

Plantaginaceae weeds: Asiatic plantain (Plantago asiatica),narrow-leaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata), broadleaf plantain(Plantago major), marsh water starwort (Callitriche palustris)

Asteraceae weeds: common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum), largecocklebur (Xanthium occidentale), Canada cocklebur (Xanthium italicum),common sunflower (Helianthus annuus), wild chamomile (Matricariachamomilla), scentless chamomile (Matricaria perforata), corn marigold(Chrysanthemum segetum), rayless mayweed (Matricaria matricarioides),Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps), common mugwort (Artemisiavulgaris), Chinese mugwort (Artemisia verlotorum), tall goldenrod(Solidago altissima), common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), hairygalinsoga (Galinsoga ciliata), small-flower galinsoga (Galinsogaparviflora), common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris), flower-of-souls(Senecio brasiliensis), Senecio grisebachii, fleabane (Conyzabonariensis), Guernsey fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis), marestail (Conyzacanadensis), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), giant ragweed(Ambrosia trifida), three-cleft bur-marigold (Bidens tripartita), hairybeggarticks (Bidens pilosa), common beggarticks (Bidens frondosa),greater beggarticks (Bidens subalternans), Canada thistle (Cirsiumarvense), black thistle (Cirsium vulgare), blessed milkthistle (Silybummarianum), musk thistle (Carduus nutans), prickly lettuce (Lactucaserriola), annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus), spiny sowthistle(Sonchus asper), beach creeping oxeye (Wedelia glauca), perfoliateblackfoot (Melampodium perfoliatum), red tasselflower (Emiliasonchifolia), wild marigold (Tagetes minuta), para cress (Blainvillealatifolia), coat buttons (Tridax procumbens), Bolivian coriander(Porophyllum ruderale), Paraguay starbur (Acanthospermum australe),bristly starbur (Acanthospermum hispidum), balloon vine (Cardiospermumhalicacabum), tropic ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides), common boneset(Eupatorium perfoliatum), fireweed (Erechtites hieracifolia), Americancudweed (Gamochaeta spicata), linear-leaf cudweed (Gnaphalium spicatum),Jaegeria hirta, ragweed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus), smallyellow crownbeard (Siegesbeckia orientalis), lawn burweed (Solivasessilis), white eclipta (Eclipta prostrata), American false daisy(Eclipta alba), spreading sneezeweed (Centipeda minima)

Alismataceae weeds: dwarf arrowhead (Sagittaria pygmaea), three leafarrowhead (Sagittaria trifolia), arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia),giant arrowhead (Sagittaria montevidensis), Sagittaria aginashi,channelled water plantain (Alisma canaliculatum), common water plantain(Alisma plantago-aquatica)

Limnocharitaceae weeds: Sawah flowering rush (Limnocharis flava)

Hydrocharitaceae weeds: American frogbit (Limnobium spongia), Floridaelodea (Hydrilla verticillata), common water nymph (Najas guadalupensis)

Araceae weeds: Nile cabbage (Pistia stratiotes)

Lemnaceae weeds: three-nerved duckweed (Lemna aoukikusa, Lemnapaucicostata, Lemna aequinoctialis), common duckmeat (Spirodelapolyrhiza), Wolffia spp.

Potamogetonaceae weeds: roundleaf pondweed (Potamogeton distinctus),pondweeds (Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton illinoensis, Stuckeniapectinata, etc.)

Liliaceae weeds: wild onion (Allium canadense), wild garlic (Alliumvineale), Chinese garlic (Allium macrostemon)

Pontederiaceae weeds: common water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), bluemud plantain (Heteranthera limosa), Monochoria korsakowii, heartshapefalse pickerelweed (Monochoria vaginalis)

Commelinaceae weeds: common dayflower (Commelina communis), tropicalspiderwort (Commelina benghalensis), erect dayflower (Commelina erecta),Asian spiderwort (Murdannia keisak)

Poaceae weeds: common barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), earlybarnyardgrass (Echinochloa oryzicola), barnyard grass (Echinochloacrus-galli var formosensis), late watergrass (Echinochloa oryzoides),jungle rice (Echinochloa colonum), Gulf cockspur (Echinochloacrus-pavonis), green foxtail (Setaria viridis), giant foxtail (Setariafaberi), yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca), knotroot foxtail (Setariageniculata), southern crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris), large crabgrass(Digitaria sanguinalis), Jamaican crabgrass (Digitaria horizontalis),sourgrass (Digitaria insularis), goosegrass (Eleusine indica), annualbluegrass (Poa annua), rough-stalked meadowgrass (Poa trivialis),Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), short-awn foxtail (Alopecurusaequalis), blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), wild oat (Avena fatua),Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), shattercane (grain sorghum; Sorghumvulgare), quackgrass (Agropyron repens), Italian ryegrass (Loliummultiflorum), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), rigid ryegrass (rigidryegrass; Lolium rigidum), rescue brome (Bromus catharticus), downybrome (Bromus tectorum), Japanese brome grass (Bromus japonicus), cheat(Bromus secalinus), cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), foxtail barley(Hordeum jubatum), jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica), reedcanarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea), little-seed canary grass (Phalarisminor), silky bentgrass (Apera spica-venti), fall panicum (Panicumdichotomiflorum), Texas panicum (Panicum texanum), guineagrass (Panicummaximum), broadleaf signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla), Congo signalgrass (Brachiaria ruziziensis), Alexander grass (Brachiariaplantaginea), Surinam grass (Brachiaria decumbens), palisade grass(Brachiaria brizantha), creeping signalgrass (Brachiaria humidicola),southern sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus), field sandbur (Cenchruspauciflorus), woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa), feathery pennisetum(Pennisetum setosum), Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana), feathertop Rhodesgrass (Chloris virgata), India lovegrass (Eragrostis pilosa), Natalgrass (Rhynchelytrum repens), crowfoot grass (Dactyloctenium aegyptium),winkle grass (Ischaemum rugosum), swamp millet (Isachne globosa), commonrice (Oryza sativa), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), coastal sandpaspalum (Paspalum maritimum), mercergrass (Paspalum distichum),kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum), West Indies pennisetum(Pennisetum setosum), itch grass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis), Asiansprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis), salt-meadow grass (Leptochloafascicularis), Christmas-tree grass (Leptochloa filiformis), Amazonsprangletop (Leptochloa panicoides), Japanese cutgrass (Leersiajaponica), Leersia sayanuka, cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides), Glycerialeptorrhiza, sharpscale mannagrass (Glyceria acutiflora), greatwatergrass (Glyceria maxima), redtop (Agrostis gigantea), carpet bent(Agrostis stolonifera), Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), cocksfoot(Dactylis glomerata), centipede grass (Eremochloa ophiuroides), tallfescue (Festuca arundinacea), red fescue (Festuca rubra), lalang(Imperata cylindrica), Chinese fairy grass (Miscanthus sinensis),switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica)

Cyperaceae weeds: Asian flatsedge (Cyperus microiria), rice flatsedge(Cyperus iria), hedgehog cyperus (Cyperus compressus), small-flowerednutsedge (Cyperus difformis), lax-flat sedge (Cyperus flaccidus),Cyperus globosus, Cyperus nipponicus, fragrant flatsedge (Cyperusodoratus), mountain nutsedge (Cyperus serotinus), purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus), yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus), pasture spikesedge (Kyllinga gracillima), green kyllinga (Kyllinga brevifolia),grasslike fimbristylis (Fimbristylis miliacea), annual fringerush(Fimbristylis dichotoma), slender spikerush (Eleocharis acicularis),Eleocharis kuroguwai, Japanese bulrush (Schoenoplectiella hotarui),hardstem bulrush (Schoenoplectiella juncoides), Schoenoplectiellawallichii, rough-seed bulrush (Schoenoplectiella mucronatus),Schoenoplectiella triangulatus, Schoenoplectiella nipponicus, triangularclub-rush (Schoenoplectiella triqueter), Bolboschoenus koshevnikovii,river bulrush (Bolboschoenus fluviatilis)

Equisetaceae weeds: field horsetail (Equisetum arvense), marsh horsetail(Equisetum palustre)

Salviniaceae weeds: floating fern (Salvinia natans)

Azollaceae weeds: Japanese mosquitofern (Azolla japonica), featheredmosquito fern (Azolla pinnata)

Marsileaceae weeds: clover fern (Marsilea quadrifolia)

Other: Filamentous algae (Pithophora, Cladophora), Bryophyta,Marchantiophyta, Anthocerotophyta, Cyanobacteria, Pteridophyta, suckerof perennial crop (pome fruits, stone fruits, berry fruits, nuts, citrusfruits, hops, grapes, etc.)

The resistance factor of a glyphosate-resistant weed which can becontrolled by the present method may rely on a mutation at a target site(a target-site mutation) or a factor that is not a target-site mutation(i.e., a nontarget-site mutation). The non target-site mutation includesthe enhancement of metabolism, malabsorption, transportation deficiency,out-of-system extrution and the like. As a factor of the enhancement ofmetabolism, the increase in the activity of a metabolic enzyme such ascytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP), arylacylamidase (AAA), esterase andglutathione S transferase (GST) can be mentioned. As the out-of-systemextrution, the transportation to a vacuole by an ABC transporter can bementioned.

An example of the target-site mutation is a mutation in which thesubstitution of any one amino acid residue or multiple amino acidresidues selected from the below-mentioned amino acid residues occurs inEPSPS gene. Thr102Ile, Pro106Ser, Pro106Ala, and Pro106Leu.Particularly, a mutation in which both of Thr102Ile and Pro106Ser aresubstituted can be mentioned. Glyphosate-resistant goosegrass, Italianryegrass, rigid ryegrass, perennial ryegrass and the like each havingthe target-site mutation can be controlled effectively. Similarly, anexample of the case of glyphosate resistance due to a target-site is acase where the number of copies of EPSPS gene is increased (PNAS, 2018115 (13) 3332-3337). Glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus palmeri, waterhemp,kochia and the like in each of which the number of copies of EPSPS geneis increased can be controlled effectively. Glyphosate-resistantmarestail, Guernsey fleabane, fleabane, and like in which an ABCtransporter is involved can be controlled effectively.

In the case where a crop B that is different from a crop A naturallygrows accidently in a cultivation area of the crop A, the crop thatnaturally grows is called as a “volunteer crop B”, which is also one ofweeds to be controlled. Volunteer glyphosate-tolerant soybean andvolunteer glyphosate-tolerant cotton can also be controlled effectivelyas some of the glyphosate-resistant weeds by the present method.Examples of the case where the present method is employed in acultivation area of a crop, the crop A is a glyphosate-tolerant plantand the volunteer crop B is intended to be controlled include a casewhere it is intended to control the crop B that naturally grows in thecultivation area of the crop A before the scattering of seeds of thecrop, a case where the crop B occurs locally and simultaneously with thecrop A but the method is applied only to the crop B, and a case wherethe crop B occurs locally and simultaneously with the crop A but onlythe crop A is trifludimoxazin-tolerant.

The glyphosate-resistant weed that can be controlled by the presentmethod may also acquire a trait of the resistance to another herbicideby a target-site mutation or a non target-site mutation. Specificexamples of the weed will be mentioned below by herbicide groups.

Resistance to ALS-inhibition-type herbicides:

Those weeds each of which has a mutation capable of causing thesubstitution of one amino acid residue or multiple amino acid residuesselected from the below-mentioned amino acid residues in ALS gene as atarget-site mutation can be mentioned. Ala122Thr, Ala122Val, Ala122Tyr,Pro197Ser, Pro197His, Pro197Thr, Pro197Arg, Pro197Leu, Pro197Gln,Pro197Ala, Pro197Ile, Ala205Val, Ala205Phe, Asp376Glu, Asp376Asn,Arg377His, Trp574Leu, Trp574Gly, Trp574Met, Ser653Thr, Ser653Thr,Ser653Asn, Ser635Ile, Gly654Glu and Gly645Asp. ALS inhibitor-resistantredroot amaranth, green amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri, waterhemp, kochiaand the like each having the target-site mutation can be controlledeffectively, even if these weeds are glyphosate-resistant. Weeds each ofwhich has such a non target-site mutation that CYP or GST is involved tomake the weed resistant to an ALS inhibitor can also be controlledeffectively, even if the weeds are glyphosate-resistant.

Resistance to ACCase Inhibitors:

Those weeds each of which has a mutation capable of causing thesubstitution of one amino acid residue or multiple amino acid residuesin ACCase gene as a target-site mutation can be mentioned. Ile1781Leu,Ile1781Val, Ile1781Thr, Trp1999Cys, Trp1999Leu, Ala2004Val, Trp2027Cys,Ile2041Asn, Ile2041Val, Asp2078Gly and Cys2088Arg. ACCase-resistantweeds each having one of the above-mentioned target-site mutations canbe controlled effectively, even if the weeds are glyphosate-resistant.Weeds each of which becomes resistant to an ALS inhibitor as the resultof the involvement of CYP or GST as a non target-site mutation can alsobe controlled effectively, even if the weeds are glyphosate-resistant.

Resistance to PPO Inhibitors:

A weed which has, as the target-site mutation, a mutation that can causethe substitution of one amino acid residue or multiple amino acidresidues selected from the below-mentioned amino acid residues in PPOgene is known or is assumed as a weed having a carfentrazone-ethyl-,fomesafen- or lactofen-resistance mutation. Arg128Leu, Arg128Met,Arg128Gly, Arg128His, Arg128Ala, Arg128Cys, Arg128Glu, Arg128Ile,Arg128Lys, Arg128Asn, Arg128Gln, Arg128Ser, Arg128Thr, Arg128Val,Arg128Tyr, Gly210 deficit, Ala210 deficit, Gly210Thr, Ala210Thr, G211deficit, Gly114Glu, Ser149Ile and Gly399Ala (each amino acid number isstandardized in terms of the number in the sequence for PPO2 inAmaranthus palmeri. In general, PPO in a weed includes PPO1 and PPO2.The above-mentioned mutation may occur in either one or both of PPO1 andPPO2. It is preferred that the mutation occurs in PPO2. For example,“Arg128Met” means that a mutation occurs in an amino acid residuelocated at position-128. Arg128Leu is also known as Arg98Leu in PPO2 inhog weed (Weed Science 60, 335-344); Arg128Met is known in PPO2 inAmaranthus palmeri (Pest Management Science 73, 1159-1563); Arg128Gly isknown in PPO2 in Amaranthus palmeri (Pest Management Science 73,1159-1563) and PPO2 in waterhemp (Pest Management Science, doi:10.1002/ps.5445); Arg128Ile and Arg128Lys are known in PPO2 in waterhemp(Pest Management Science, doi: 10.1002/ps.5445); Arg128His is known asArg132His in PPO2 in Swiss ryegrass (WSSA annual meeting, 2018);Gly114Glu, Ser149Ile and Gly399Ala are known in PPO2 in Amaranthuspalmeri (Frontiers in Plant Science 10, Article 568); and Ala210Thr isknown as Ala212Thr in PPO1 in Indian goosegrass (WSSA annual meeting,2019). PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds each having one of theabove-mentioned target-site mutations can be controlled effectively,even if the weeds are glyphosate-resistant. However, the PPOinhibitor-resistant weed is not limited to these weeds. Namely, otherPPO inhibitor-resistant weeds having the above-mentioned amino acidmutations can also be controlled, even if the weeds areglyphosate-resistant. Amaranthus palmeri having a mutation of Arg128Leu,Arg128Met, Arg128Gly, Arg128His, Arg128Ala, Arg128Cys, Arg128Glu,Arg128Ile, Arg128Lys, Arg128Asn, Arg128Gln, Arg128Ser, Arg128Thr,Arg128Val, Arg128Tyr, Gly210 deficit, Ala210 deficit, Gly210Thr,Ala210Thr, G211 deficit, Gly114Glu, Ser149Ile or Gly399Ala in PPO1 orPPO2, as well as, for example, waterhemp having the same mutation, hogweed having the same mutation and wild poinsettia having the samemutation can be controlled effectively, even if these weeds areglyphosate-resistant. As the waterhemp and Amaranthus palmeri whichbecome resistant to a PPO inhibitor as the result of the involvement ofCYP or GST as a non target-site mutation, waterhemp and the like whichbecome resistant to carfentrazone-ethyl are known (PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215431). These weeds can also be controlledeffectively, even if the weeds are glyphosate-resistant.

Resistance to Auxin-Type Herbicides:

As the target-site mutation, a mutation which can cause Gly-Asn in adegron region in AUX/IAA gene can be mentioned. kochia, Amaranthuspalmeri and waterhemp each having this mutation can be controlledeffectively, even if these weeds are glyphosate-resistant. As the nontarget-site mutation, dicamba-resistant green amaranth and2,4-D-resistant waterhemp to which the involvement of CYP is suggestedare known. These weeds can be controlled effectively, even if theseweeds are glyphosate-resistant. These weeds can also be controlled whenGST is involved.

Resistance to HPPD Inhibitors:

Waterhemp, Amaranthus palmeri and the like each of which becomesresistant to an HPPD inhibitor as the result of the involvement of CYPor GST as the non target-site mutation can be controlled effectively,even if the weeds are glyphosate-resistant.

Resistance to photosystem II inhibitors: Those weeds each of which has,as the target-site mutation, a mutation capable of causing thesubstitution of one amino acid residue or multiple amino acid residuesselected from the below-mentioned amino acid residues in psbA gene canbe mentioned. Val219Ile, Ser264Gly, Ser264Ala and Phe274Val. PhotosystemII inhibitor-resistant Amaranthus palmeri and waterhemp each having thistarget-site mutation can be controlled effectively, even if these weedsare glyphosate-resistant. Amaranthus palmeri, waterhemp and the likeeach of which becomes resistant to a photosystem II inhibitor as theresult of the involvement of CYP, GST or AAA as the non target-sitemutation can be controlled effectively, even if these weeds areglyphosate-resistant.

Resistance to glutamate synthase inhibitors: Those weeds each of whichhas, as the target-site mutation, a mutation capable of causing theamino acid substitution of Asp171Asn in a glutamate synthase gene can bementioned. Glutamate synthase inhibitor-resistant Amaranthus palmeri,waterhemp and the like each having this target-site mutation can becontrolled effectively, even if these weeds are glyphosate-resistant.Amaranthus palmeri, waterhemp and the like each of which becomesresistant to glufosinate as the result of the involvement of CYP or GSTas the non target-site mutation can be controlled effectively, even ifthe weeds are glyphosate-resistant.

Glyphosate-resistant weeds each having a “combination (stack)” of atleast two groups selected from the above-mentioned groups (arbitrarilyselected two groups, arbitrarily selected three groups, arbitrarilyselected four groups, arbitrarily selected five groups, arbitrarilyselected six groups, or arbitrarily selected seven groups) can also becontrolled effectively. For example, waterhemp having resistance to allof a photosystem II inhibitor, a HPPD inhibitor, 2,4-D, a PPO inhibitor,an ALS inhibitor and glyphosate is known. This weed can also becontrolled effectively. The stack may be a combination of target-sitemutations or a combination of non target-site mutations, or acombination of a target-site mutation and a non target-site mutation.

In the present method, the present compound can be used in combinationwith at least one another herbicide, plant growth regulator or safener.In this regard, the wording “use in combination” includes, within itsscope, tank mixing, premixing and a sequential treatment. In the case ofthe sequential treatment, the order of treating each component is notparticularly limited.

Examples of the herbicide, plant growth regulator and safener which canbe used in combination with the present compound are as follows.

Herbicides: 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid, 2,3,6-TBA-dimethylammonium,2,3,6-TBA-lithium, 2,3,6-TBA-potassium, 2,3,6-TBA-sodium, 2,4-D cholinesalt, 2,4-D N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine salt,2,4-D-2-butoxypropyl, 2,4-D-2-ethylhexyl, 2,4-D-3-butoxypropyl,2,4-D-ammonium, 2,4-D-butotyl, 2,4-D-butyl, 2,4-D-diethylammonium,2,4-D-dimethylammonium, 2,4-D-diolamine, 2,4-D-dodecylammonium,2,4-D-ethyl, 2,4-D-heptylammonium, 2,4-D-isobutyl, 2,4-D-isooctyl,2,4-D-isopropyl, 2,4-D-isopropylammonium, 2,4-D-lithium, 2,4-D-mepty,2,4-D-methyl, 2,4-D-octyl, 2,4-D-pentyl, 2,4-D-propyl, 2,4-D-sodium,2,4-D-tefuryl, 2,4-D-tetradecylammonium, 2,4-D-triethylammonium,2,4-D-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, 2,4-D-trolamine, 2,4-DB cholinesalt, 2,4-DB N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine salt, 2,4-DB-butyl,2,4-DB-dimethylammonium, 2,4-DB-isoctyl, 2,4-DB-potassium,2,4-DB-sodium, acetochlor, acifluorfen, acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen,2-amino-3-chloronaphthalene-1,4-dione, alachlor, allidochlor, alloxydim,ametryn, amicarbazone, amidosulfuron, aminocyclopyrachlor,aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl, aminocyclopyrachlor-potassium, aminopyralid,aminopyralid choline salt, aminopyralid-potassium,aminopyralid-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, amiprophos-methyl, amitrole,anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azafenidin, azimsulfuron, beflubutamid,benazolin-ethyl, bencarbazone, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulfuron,bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bentazon, benthiocarb, benzfendizone,benzobicyclon, benzofenap, benzthiazuron, bialafosbialaphos,bicyclopyrone, bifenox, bispyribac, bispyribac-sodium, bromacil,bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, bromoxynil-octanoate, butachlor,butafenacil, butamifos, butralin, butroxydim, butylate, cafenstrole,carbetamide, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlomethoxyfen,chloramben, chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorobromuron,chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron,chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthiamid, cinidon, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin,cinosulfuron, clethodim, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, clomazone,clomeprop, clopyralid, clopyralid choline salt, clopyralid-methyl,clopyralid-olamine, clopyralid-potassium,clopyralid-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, cloransulam,cloransulam-methyl, cumyluron, cyanazine, cyclopyranil, cycloate,cyclopyrimorate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop,cyhalofop-butyl, daimuron, dalapon, dazomet, desmedipham, desmetryn,di-allate, dicamba, dicamba choline salt, dicambaN,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine salt (dicamba BAPMA salt),dicamba-trolamine, dicamba-diglycolamine, dicamba-dimethylammonium,dicamba-diolamine, dicamba-isopropylammonium, dicamba-methyl,dicamba-olamine, dicamba-potassium, dicamba-sodium, dichlobenil,dichlorprop, dichlorprop choline salt, dichlorpropN,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine salt, dichlorprop-2-ethylhexyl,dichlorprop-butotyl, dichlorprop-dimethylammonium,dichlorprop-ethylammonium, dichlorprop-isoctyl, dichlorprop-methyl,dichlorprop-P, dichlorprop-P choline salt, dichlorprop-PN,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine salt, dichlorprop-P-2-ethylhexyl,dichlorprop-P-dimethylammonium, dichlorprop-potassium,dichlorprop-sodium, diclofop, diclofop-methyl, diclosulam, difenoxuron,difenzoquat, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr-sodium,dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid,dimethenamid-P, dimepiperate, dinitramine, dinoseb, dinoterb,diphenamid, diquat, diquat-dibromide, disodium methylarsonate,dithiopyr, diuron, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, esprocarb, ethalfluralin,ethametsulfuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethidimuron, ethofumesate,ethoxyfen-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron, etobenzanid, fenoxaprop,fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone,fenquinotrione, fentrazamide, fenuron, flamprop-M, flazasulfuron,florasulam, florpyrauxifen, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, fluazifop,fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluazolate,flucarbazone, flucarbazone-sodium, flucetosulfuron, flufenacet,flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, flumetsulam, flumiclorac,flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, fluoroglycofen-ethyl,flupoxam, flupropanate, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium,flurenol, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr-meptyl,flurtamone, fluthiacet, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, fomesafen-sodium,foramsulfuron, fosamine, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium,glufosinate-P, glufosinate-P-ammonium, glufosinate-P-sodium, glyphosate,glyphosate choline salt, glyphosate guanidine derivative salts,glyphosate isopropylamine salt, glyphosateN,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine salt, glyphosate-ammonium,glyphosate-diammonium, glyphosate-potassium, glyphosate-sodium,glyphosate-trimethylsulfonium, halauxifen, halauxifen-methyl, halosafen,halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-etotyl,haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-P-etotyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl,hexazinone, imazamethabenz, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox,imazamox-ammonium, imazapic, imazapic-ammonium, imazapyr,imazapyr-isopropylammonium, imazaquin, imazaquin-ammonium, imazethapyr,imazethapyr-ammonium, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam,iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, iofensulfuron,iofensulfuron-sodium, ioxynil, ioxynil-octanoate, ipfencarbazone,isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, lactofen,lenacil, linuron, maleic hydrazide, 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)aceticacid, MCPA choline salt, MCPA N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine salt,MCPA-butotyl, MCPA-butyl, MCPA-dimethylammonium, MCPA-diolamine,MCPA-ethyl, MCPA-isobutyl, MCPA-isoctyl, MCPA-isopropyl, MCPA-methyl,MCPA-olamine, MCPA-sodium, MCPA-trolamine,4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)butanoic acid, MCPB choline salt, MCPBN,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine salt, MCPB-ethyl, MCPB-methyl,MCPB-sodium, mecoprop, mecoprop choline salt, mecopropN,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine salt, mecoprop-2-ethylhexyl,mecoprop-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-diolamine, mecoprop-ethadyl,mecoprop-isoctyl, mecoprop-methyl, mecoprop-potassium, mecoprop-sodium,mecoprop-trolamine, mecoprop-P, mecoprop-P choline salt,mecoprop-P-2-ethylhexyl, mecoprop-P-dimethylammonium,mecoprop-P-isobutyl, mecoprop-potassium, mefenacet, mesosulfuron,mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, metam, metamifop, metamitron,metazachlor, metazosulfuron, methabenzthiazuron, methiozolin,methyl-daymuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, metosulam, metoxuron,metribuzin, metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, molinate, monolinuron,naproanilide, napropamide, napropamide-M, naptalam, neburon,nicosulfuron, norflurazon, oleic acid, orbencarb, orthosulfamuron,oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone,oxyfluorfen, paraquat, paraquat-dichloride, pebulate, pelargonic acid,pendimethalin, penoxsulam, pentanochlor, pentoxazone, pethoxamid,phenisopham, phenmedipham, picolinafen, pinoxaden, piperophos,pretilachlor, primisulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, prodiamine,profluazol, profoxydim, prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil,propaquizafop, propazine, propham, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone,propoxycarbazone-sodium, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, prosulfocarb,prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolynate,pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazoxyfen, pyribenzoxim,pyributicarb, pyridafol, pyridate, pyriftalid, pyriminobac,pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium,pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, quinclorac, quinmerac, quizalofop,quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-tefuryl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl,quizalofop-P-tefuryl, rimsulfuron, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, S-ethylN,N-dipropylcarbamothioate, siduron, simazine, simetryn, S-metolachlor,sodium hydrogen methylarsonate, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone,sulfometuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, swep,2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid, tebutam, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione,tembotrione, tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine,terbutryn, thaxtomin A, thenylchlor, thiazopyr, thidiazimin,thiencarbazone, thiencarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron,thifensulfuron-methyl, tiafenacil, tiocarbazil, tolpyralate,topramezone, tralkoxydim, triafamone, tri-allate, triasulfuron,triaziflam, tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl, triclopyr, triclopyr-butotyl,triclopyr-ethyl, triclopyr-triethylammonium, tridiphane, trietazine,trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, trifluralin, triflusulfuron,triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, vernolate, Ethyl[(3-{2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-[3-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-yl]phenoxy}pyridin-2-yl)oxy]acetate(CAS registry number: 353292-31-6),2-methyl-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(CAS registry number: 1400904-50-8),2-chloro-N-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-3-(methylthio)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide(CAS registry number: 1361139-71-0), and4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-methyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione(CAS registry number: 1353870-34-4),2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethylisooxazolidin-3-one (CASregistry number: 81777-95-9), and(3S,4S)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-pyrrolidinecarboxamide(CAS registry number: 2053901-33-8).

Safeners: allidochlor, benoxacor, cloquintocet, cloquintocet-mexyl,cyometrinil, cyprosulfamide, dichlormid, dicyclonone, dimepiperate,disulfoton, daiymuron, fenchlorazole, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenclorim,flurazole, furilazole, fluxofenim, hexim, isoxadifen, isoxadifen-ethyl,mecoprop, mefenpyr, mefenpyr-ethyl, mefenpyr-diethyl, mephenate,metcamifen, oxabetrinil, 1,8-naphthalic anhydride, 1,8-octamethylenediamine, AD-67 (4-(dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azaspiro [4.5] decane, MCPA(2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid), CL-304415(4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-acetic acid), CSB(1-bromo-4-[(chloromethyl)sulfonyl]benzene), DKA-24(2,2-dichloro-N-[2-oxo-2-(2-propenylamino)ethyl]-N-(2-propenyl)acetamide),MG191 (2-(dichloromethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane), MG-838 (2-propenyl1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbodithioate), PPG-1292(2,2-dichloro-N-(1,3-dioxan-2-ylmethyl)-N-(2-propenyl)acetamide),R-28725 (3-(dichloroacetyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine), R-29148(3-(dichloroacetyl)-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine), TI-35(1-(dichloroacetyl)azepane).

Plant growth regulators: hymexazol, paclobutrazol, uniconazole,uniconazole-P, inabenfide, prohexadione-calcium, 1-methylcyclopropene,trinexapac and trinexapac-ethyl.

In the present method, particularly preferred examples of the herbicidethat can be used in combination with the present compound includesaflufenacil, glyphosate potassium salt, glyphosate guanidine salt,glyphosate dimethylamine salt, glyphosate monoethanolamine salt,glyphosate isopropylammonium salt, dimethenamid-P, imazethapyr ammoniumsalt, pyroxasulfone, mesotrione, isoxaflutole, dicamba BAPMA salt andglufosinate ammonium salt.

In the present method, particularly preferred examples of the safenerthat can be used in combination with the present compound includecyprosulfamide, benoxacor, dichlormid, furilazole and isoxadifen-ethyl.

In the case where the herbicide and/or the safener is used incombination with the present compound, the ratio of the amount (part byweight) of the herbicide and/or the safener is generally 0.001 to 100times, preferably 0.01 to 10 times, more preferably 0.1 to 5, the amount(part by weight) of the present compound. The ratio of the herbicideand/or the safener is still more preferably 0.2 time, 0.4 time, 0.6time, 0.8 time, 1 time, 1.5 times, 2 times, 2.5 times, 3 times, or 4times. The above-mentioned ratio may be an approximate value. The term“approximate” means the acceptance of plus or minus 10%. For example,the wording “approximately 2 times” refers to 1.8 to 2.2 times.

In the cultivation of a crop in the present invention, aplant-nutritional management in a common crop cultivation can be made. Afertilization system may be one based on Precision Agriculture, or maybe a conventional homogeneous one. Alternatively, a nitrogen-fixingbacterium or a mycorrhizal fungus may be inoculated by a seed treatment.

EXAMPLES

Hereinbelow, the present invention will be described in more detail byway of examples. However, the present invention is not limited by theseexamples.

At first, criteria for the evaluation of the herbicidal effect and theharmful effect against crops shown in the below-mentioned examples willbe described.

[Herbicidal Effect and Harmful Effect Against Crops]

The herbicidal effect was rated within the range from 0 to 100, wherein“0” was a rating where the state of emergence or growth of a sample weedduring a test had no difference or little difference compared with thestate of the test weed that did not subjected to the treatment, and“100” was a rating where the test plant was completely killed or theemergence or growth of the test plant was completely suppressed.

The harmful effect against crops was rated as “harmless” when littleharmful effect was observed, “low” when a moderate level of harmfuleffect was observed, “medium” when a medium level of harmful effect wasobserved, and “high” when a high level of harmful effect was observed.

Example 1

In a plastic pot filled with soil are seeded glyphosate-resistantAmaranthus palmeri in which the number of copies of EPSPS gene has beenincreased, glyphosate-resistant waterhemp in which the number of copiesof EPSPS gene has been increased, glyphosate-resistant kochia in whichthe number of copies of EPSPS gene has been increased, marestail whichis resistant to glyphosate by involving an ABC transporter, Guernseyfleabane which is resistant to glyphosate by involving an ABCtransporter, fleabane which is resistant to glyphosate by involving anABC transporter, glyphosate-resistant goosegrass having Thr102Ile,glyphosate-resistant goosegrass having Pro106Ser, glyphosate-resistantgoosegrass having Pro106Ala, glyphosate-resistant goosegrass havingPro106Leu, glyphosate-resistant goosegrass having Thr102Ile andPro106Ser, glyphosate-resistant darnel having Thr102Ile,glyphosate-resistant darnel having Pro106Ser, glyphosate-resistantdarnel having Pro106Ala, glyphosate-resistant darnel having Pro106Leu,volunteer glyphosate-tolerant soybean, and volunteer glyphosate-tolerantcotton. On the same day, the soil is treated with trifludimoxazin at theapplication rate of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 or 150 g/ha. The amount of aliquid sprayed is 200 L/ha. Subsequently, the plants are cultivated in agreenhouse. Twenty-eight days after the treatment, a significant effectagainst the weeds is confirmed.

Example 2

In a plastic pot filled with soil are seeded glyphosate-resistantAmaranthus palmeri in which the number of copies of EPSPS gene has beenincreased, glyphosate-resistant waterhemp in which the number of copiesof EPSPS gene has been increased, glyphosate-resistant kochia in whichthe number of copies of EPSPS gene has been increased, marestail whichis resistant to glyphosate by involving an ABC transporter, Guernseyfleabane which is resistant to glyphosate by involving an ABCtransporter, fleabane which is resistant to glyphosate by involving anABC transporter, glyphosate-resistant goosegrass having Thr102Ile,glyphosate-resistant goosegrass having Pro106Ser, glyphosate-resistantgoosegrass having Pro106Ala, glyphosate-resistant goosegrass havingPro106Leu, glyphosate-resistant goosegrass having Thr102Ile andPro106Ser, glyphosate-resistant darnel having Thr102Ile,glyphosate-resistant darnel having Pro106Ser, glyphosate-resistantdarnel having Pro106Ala, glyphosate-resistant darnel having Pro106Leu,volunteer glyphosate-tolerant soybean, and volunteer glyphosate-tolerantcotton. The plants are cultivated in a greenhouse for 21 days, and thentrifludimoxazin is applied to foliage of the plants at application rateof 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 or 150 g/ha. The amount of a liquid sprayedis 200 L/ha. Subsequently, the plants are cultivated in a greenhouse.Fourteen days after the treatment, a significant effect against theweeds is confirmed.

Examples 3 to 4

The same procedures as in Examples 1 to 2 are carried out, except thatthe application of trifludimoxazin at application rate of 6.25, 12.5,25, 50, 100 or 150 g/ha is changed to the application of trifludimoxazinand saflufenacil at application rate of 6.25+6.25, 12.5+12.5, 25+25,50+50, 100+100, 150+150, 6.25+12.5, 12.5+25, 25+50, 50+100, 100+200,12.5+6.25, 25+12.5, 50+25, 100+50 or 150+75 g/ha.

Examples 5 to 8

The same procedures as in Examples 1 to 4 are carried out, except thatthe weeds and volunteer crops are changed to those weeds and crops eachof which further has the resistance/tolerance to ALS inhibitors.

Examples 9 to 12

The same procedures as in Examples 5 to 8 are carried out, except thatthe weeds and volunteer crops are changed to those weeds and volunteercrops each of which further has the resistance/tolerance to photosystemII inhibitors.

Examples 13 to 16

The same procedures as in Examples 9 to 12 are carried out, except thatthe weeds and volunteer crops are changed to those weeds and volunteercrops each of which further has the resistance/tolerance to HPPDinhibitors.

Examples 17 to 20

The same procedures as in Examples 13 to 16 are carried out, except thatthe weeds and volunteer crops are changed to those weeds and volunteercrops each of which further has the resistance/tolerance to PPOinhibitors.

Examples 21 to 24

The same procedures as in Examples 17 to 20 are carried out, except thatthe weeds and volunteer crops are changed to those weeds and volunteercrops each of which further has the resistance/tolerance to auxin-typeherbicides.

Examples 25 to 28

The same procedures as in Examples 21 to 24 are carried out, except thatthe weeds and volunteer crops are changed to those weeds and volunteercrops each of which further has the resistance/tolerance to glutaminesynthetase inhibitors.

Example 29

In a plastic pot filled with soli were seeded glyphosate-resistantAmaranthus palmeri in which the number of copies of EPSPS gene had beenincreased (produced by Azlin Seed Service) and glyphosate-sensitiveAmaranthus palmeri (produced by Azlin Seed Service). The weeds werecultivated in a greenhouse for 18 days, and then an aqueous spray liquid[i.e., a liquid prepared by diluting a predetermined amount of atrifludimoxazin formulation (i.e., an emulsifiable concentrate preparedby mixing 20 parts of trifludimoxazin with 80 parts of a liquid cocktail(i.e., a mixture of 5 parts of cyclohexanone and 1 part of SORPOL 2680X(manufactured by TOHO Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.))) with watercontaining a spreading agent] was sprayed uniformly from above the weedsat the amount of 200 L/ha using a sprayer. Subsequently, the weeds wereallowed to grow in a greenhouse for 14 days, and then the herbicidaleffect was examined. As a reference example, the same procedure wascarried out, except that the trifludimoxazin formulation was replacedwith a predetermined amount of a glyphosate formulation (i.e., a solubleliquid containing 660 g/L of glyphosate potassium salt: “ROUNDUPMAXLOAD” (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Corporation). The results areshown in the table 1.

TABLE 1 Effect on Effect on glyphosate- glyphosate- resistant sensitiveApplication Amaranthus Amaranthus Compounds rate g/ha palmeri palmeriTrifludimoxazin 25 100 80 12.5 100 70 6.25 100 65 Glyphosate 6160 70 —potassium 1540 20 100 salt 385 — 100

From the above-shown results, it was demonstrated that trifludimoxazinwas effective particularly against glyphosate-resistant weeds andtherefore was able to control the weeds effectively and was also able toreduce the populations of the weeds with high efficiency.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

According to the method of controlling weeds of the present invention,it becomes possible to control weeds with high efficiency.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of controlling a weed that is resistantto glyphosate and further resistant to one or more different herbicidesthan glyphosate, comprising: applying 5 to 200 g per 10000 m² oftrifludimoxazin to the weed or a habitat where the weed will grow,wherein the trifludimoxazin is effective in the control of the weed. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein the weed is a member of genus Amaranthus.3. The method of claim 1, wherein the weed is Amaranthus palmeri.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the weed is Amaranthus palmeri in which thenumber of copies of a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase(EPSPS) gene is increased as compared to the number of genes innon-glyphosate resistant Amaranthus palmeri.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein the trifludimoxazin is applied in a cultivation area for a crop.6. The method of claim 5, wherein the crop is at least one selected fromthe group consisting of soybean, corn, cotton, rapeseed, rice, wheat,barley, sugar cane, sugar beet, sorghum and sunflower.
 7. The method ofclaim 5, wherein the crop is tolerant to the trifludimoxazin.
 8. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the trifludimoxazin is applied at from 6.25 gto 100 g per 10000 m².
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the differentherbicide than glyphosate is a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)inhibitor.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the weed has a mutationselected from the group consisting of Gly210 deficit, Arg128Gly, andGly399Ala in protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) of the weed.
 11. Themethod of claim 1, comprising: applying 5 to 200 g per 10000 m² oftrifludimoxazin together with one or more different herbicides thantrifludimoxazin to the weed or a habitat where the weed will grow,wherein the different herbicide than trifludimoxazin is selected fromthe group consisting of saflufenacil, dicamba, dicamba choline salt,dicamba N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine salt, dicamba-trolamine,dicamba-diglycolamine, dicamba-dimethylammonium, dicamba-diolamine,dicamba-isopropylammonium, dicamba-methyl, dicamba-olamine,dicamba-potassium, dicamba-sodium, 2,4-D choline salt, 2,4-DN,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine salt, 2,4-D-2-butoxypropyl,2,4-D-2-ethylhexyl, 2,4-D-3-butoxypropyl, 2,4-D-ammonium, 2,4-D-butotyl,2,4-D-butyl, 2,4-D-diethylammonium, 2,4-D-dimethylammonium,2,4-D-diolamine, 2,4-D-dodecylammonium, 2,4-D-ethyl,2,4-D-heptylammonium, 2,4-D-isobutyl, 2,4-D-isooctyl, 2,4-D-isopropyl,2,4-D-isopropylammonium, 2,4-D-lithium, 2,4-D-mepty, 2,4-D-methyl,2,4-D-octyl, 2,4-D-pentyl, 2,4-D-propyl, 2,4-D-sodium, 2,4-D-tefuryl,2,4-D-tetradecylammonium, 2,4-D-triethylammonium,2,4-D-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, 2,4-D-trolamine, glyphosate,glyphosate choline salt, glyphosate guanidine derivative salts,glyphosate isopropylamine salt, glyphosateN,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine salt, glyphosate-ammonium,glyphosate-diammonium, glyphosate-potassium, glyphosate-sodium,glyphosate-trimethylsulfonium, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium,glufosinate-P, glufosinate-P-ammonium, glufosinate-P-sodium,imazethapyr, imazethapyr-ammonium, pyroxasulfone, topramezone,dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, and pendimethalin.
 12. The method of claim11, wherein the different herbicide than trifludimoxazin issaflufenacil.
 13. A method of controlling a weed that is resistant toglyphosate and further resistant to a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)inhibitor, comprising: applying 5 to 200 g per 10000 m² oftrifludimoxazin to the glyphosate-resistant weed or a habitat where theweed will grow, wherein the trifludimoxazin is effective in the controlof the weed, wherein the weed has a mutation selected from the groupconsisting of Arg128Leu, Arg128Met, Arg128Gly, Arg128His, Arg128Ala,Arg128Cys, Arg128Glu, Arg128Ile, Arg128Lys, Arg128Asn, Arg128Gln,Arg128Ser, Arg128Thr, Arg128Val, Arg128Tyr, Gly210 deficit, Ala210deficit, Gly210Thr, Ala210Thr, G211 deficit, Glyl14Glu, Ser149Ile andGly399Ala in protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) of the weed.
 14. A methodof controlling a weed that is resistant to glyphosate and furtherresistant to a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, comprising:applying 5 to 200 g per 10000 m² of trifludimoxazin to the weed or ahabitat where the weed will grow, wherein the trifludimoxazin iseffective in the control of the weed, wherein the weed is resistant tothe PPO inhibitor as a result of involvement of cytochrome P450monooxygenase (CYP) or glutathione S transferase (GST).